četvrtak, 18. rujna 2008.

About Anthony de Mello



Fr. Anthony de Mello, S.J. (1931—1987) was a Jesuit priest and psychotherapist who became widely known for his books on spirituality. He hosted many spiritual retreats and was considered by some a gifted public speaker. Father de Mello was born in Santa Cruz, a suburb of Mumbai in India. He traveled to many countries to study and later to teach, most notably Spain and the United States. De Mello established a prayer center in India. He died suddenly in 1987. His works are still in print and additional writings were published after his death. In 1998, after his death, some of his opinions were condemned by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Regardless of the ban and the later caution, his writings are available in many Catholic book shops and he is read and respected by many Catholics and other Christians.
Source: Wikipedia Anthony de Mello
Spiritual Quotes:
As soon as you look at the world through an ideology you are finished. No reality fits an ideology. Life is beyond that. That is why people are always searching for a meaning to life… Meaning is only found when you go beyond meaning. Life only makes sense when you perceive it as mystery and it makes no sense to the conceptualizing mind.
It is a great mystery that though the human heart longs for Truth, in which alone it finds liberation and delight, the first reaction of human beings to Truth is one of hostility and fear!
There is only one cause of unhappiness: the false beliefs you have in your head, beliefs so widespread, so commonly held, that it never occurs to you to question them.
As you identify less and less with the "me", you will be more at ease with everybody and with everything. Do you know why? Because you are no longer afraid of being hurt or not liked. You no longer desire to impress anyone. Can you imagine the relief when you don't have to impress anybody anymore? Oh, what a relief. Happiness at last!
Wisdom tends to grow in proportion to one's awareness of one's ignorance.
Suffering points out that there is falsehood somewhere. Suffering occurs when you clash with reality. When your illusions clash with reality when your falsehoods clash with the truth, then you have suffering. Otherwise there is no suffering.
People who want a cure, provided they can have it without pain, are like those who favor progress, provided they can have it without change.
People mistakenly assume that their thinking is done by their head; it is actually done by the heart which first dictates the conclusion, then commands the head to provide the reasoning that will defend it.
Another illusion is that external events have the power to hurt you, that other people have the power to hurt you. They don't. It's you who give this power to them.
Obedience keeps the rules. Love knows when to break them.
You've got to drop something. You've got to drop illusions. You don't have to add anything in order to be happy; you've got to drop something. Life is easy, life is delightful. It's only hard on your illusions, your ambitions, your greed, your cravings.
My experience is that it's precisely the ones who don't know what to do with this life who are all hot and bothered about what they are going to do with another life.
Understand the obstructions you are putting in the way of love, freedom, and happiness and they will drop. Turn on the light of awareness and the darkness will disappear. Happiness is not something you acquire; love is not something you produce; love is not something you have; love is something that has you.
When you come to see you are not as wise today as you thought you were yesterday, you are wiser today.
If it is peace you want, seek to change yourself, not other people. It is easier to protect your feet with slippers than to carpet the whole of the earth.

utorak, 16. rujna 2008.

Je li ti ikada palo na pamet da si programiran da budeš nesretan


Anthony de Mello, katolički je svećenik i duhovni učitelj koji je od religija i svetih knjiga više cijenio iskustvo i život. Nepoćudna mudrost De Mellov je izraz idealan jer je istovremeno jednostavan, snažan i dubok te u sebi skladno objedinjuje katoličku predaju, istočnjačku mudrost i uvide moderne psihologije. No, iako se njegovi savjeti privatno cijene, njegove se knjige čuvaju u ladicama gdje iščekuju neko bolje, zrelije vrijeme. Ozračja budizma, višnuizma, šaktizma, ali i taoizma i islama, snažno su prožela duh ovog katoličkog svećenika, što se jasno iščitava u njegovim knjigama Piše Momir OLJAČA Unatrag par godina jedan je mladi kandidat za svećenika sjedio u uredu svoga dušobrižnika i mentora te mu iznosio vlastite sumnje i poteškoće vezane uz duhovni život. Postariji svećenik otvorio je ladicu svoga radnoga stola, izvadio iz nje omanju knjižicu te ju pružio mladome bogoslovu. »Evo«, rekao mu je, »Crkva ga baš ne voli, ali mislim da će ti koristiti.« Knjiga koju je mladić dobio na dar nosila je naslov Dirnut Bogom; njezin autor glasoviti je indijski katolički svećenik i psiholog Anthony de Mello.Ovu epizodu ispričao mi je spomenuti bogoslov osobno, jednom prigodom dok smo razgovarali o autorima koji su najviše pridonijeli našoj osobnoj duhovnoj formaciji. S lakoćom smo usuglasili mišljenja oko vrijednosti De Mellovih knjiga. Njegov je izraz idealan jer je istovremeno jednostavan, snažan i dubok, te skladno objedinjuje katoličku predaju, istočnjačku mudrost i uvide moderne psihologije.Nažalost, spomenuta epizoda ujedno zorno predočava kakav je De Mellov status unutar crkvenih krugova. Iako se njegovi savjeti privatno cijene, njegove se knjige čuvaju u ladicama gdje iščekuju neko bolje, zrelije vrijeme. Poput kakvih spasonosnih ampula, izvlače se i upotrebljavaju samo u slučajevima krajnje nužde.

Rođen za popa Iako je bio Indijac, rođen i odrastao u predgrađima Bombaya, Anthony de Mello pripadao je obitelji koja je njegovala dugu katoličku tradiciju। Želju da postane svećenikom iskazivao je već od najranije dobi। Prema svjedočanstvu njegovog trinaest godina mlađega brata, Billa de Mella, Anthony je bio naprosto rođen za taj poziv. Izvrsno se snalazio u međuljudskim odnosima i s lakoćom je ispunjavao školske obveze te je bio jednako omiljen i među kolegama i među učiteljima. Iako njegovi roditelji nisu bili oduševljeni sinovljevom željom, pred njegovom su upornošću i gorljivim entuzijazmom na kraju morali popustiti. Godine 1947., u svojoj 16. godini, De Mello je postao kandidat za svećenika Družbe Isusove.Isprva vrlo krut i rigidan, posvema predan zavjetu poslušnosti Crkvi i njezinom nauku, u mladosti je bio vrlo zahtjevan i strog kako prema sebi tako i prema drugima. Prema riječima njegova brata, bila je to sušta suprotnost onom Anthonyju de Mellu kakvog upoznajemo čitajući njegove knjige, napisane mnogo godina kasnije. Srećom, odrastajući De Mello je postajao mudrijim, pa samim time i otvorenijim i fleksibilnijim. Krutost u stavu i držanju rasplinula se zajedno s mladalačkom sklonosti idealiziranju, koja joj je i bila uzrokom.Nakon studija filozofije u Barceloni, psihologije u Chicagu i duhovnosti u Rimu, De Mello je postao poznat u svećeničkim krugovima po svojim duhovnim vježbama i molitvenim seminarima koje je održavao po čitavom svijetu. Njegova popularnost najviše duguje izvornosti njegovih promišljanja, ali i šarolikom bogatstvu priča, usporedbi i primjera kojih je bio živa riznica. Srećom, nije bježao od utjecaja tradicija koje su u Indiji pustile mnogo dublje korijene od kršćanstva. Ozračja budizma, višnuizma, šaktizma, ali i taoizma i islama, snažno su prožela njegov duh, što se jasno iščitava u njegovim knjigama.
Anthony de Mello:
Sjeti se kakvi te osjećaji obuzimaju kada te netko hvali, kada ti se odobrava, kada te prihvaćaju, kada ti plješću. Usporedi to s osjećajima koji se u tebi bude kada promatraš izlazak ili zalazak sunca, ili prirodu općenito, kada čitaš knjigu ili gledaš film u kojem istinski uživaš. Pobudi u sebi takav osjećaj. I usporedi ga s prvim, to jest s onim koji se rodio u tebi kada si bio pohvaljen. Shvati da prva vrsta osjećaja dolazi od slavljenja i uzdizanja samog sebe. To je svjetovni osjećaj. Drugi dolazi od samoispunjenja, a taj je osjećaj duhovan. Evo još jedne usporedbe: Sjeti se kakve osjećaje imaš kada uspiješ, napraviš nešto, postigneš cilj, kada pobijediš u nekoj igri ili raspravi, ili dobiješ okladu. I usporedi takve osjećaje s onima koji se jave u tebi kada zaista uživaš u poslu kojim se baviš, kojim si zaokupljen, i još jednom primijeti razliku u kakvoći između svjetovnih i duhovnih osjećaja. I još jedna usporedba: Sjeti se što si osjećao kada si bio moćan, kada si bio glavni, kada si drugim ljudima bio nadređeni, kada su od tebe dobivali zaduženja, ili kada si bio popularan. I usporedi taj svjetovni osjećaj s osjećajem bliskosti, zajedništva - vremena kada si istinski uživao u društvu prijatelja ili grupe u kojoj ste se zabavljali i smijali. Učinivši to, pokušaj shvatiti pravu narav svjetovnih osjećaja, naime, osjećaja uzdizanja i slavljenja samog sebe. Takvi osjećaji nisu prirodni. Izmišljeni su u tvom društvu i u tvojoj kulturi da bi te učinili produktivnim i podložnim kontroli. Oni ne potiču tvoj rast niti te čine sretnim kako te sretnim čini kontemplacija prirode, ili uživanje u društvu prijatelja, ili uživanje u tvom radu. Ti osjećaji trebali bi u tebi stvarati ushićenje, uzbuđenje i prazninu. Promatraj, zatim, samoga sebe tijekom dana ili tjedna i razmisli koliko si toga učinio, u kolike se aktivnosti upustio, a da nisi bio zaražen željom za tim ushićenjima, za tim uzbuđenjima koja stvaraju samo prazninu, želju za pažnjom, odobravanjem, slavom, popularnošću, uspjehom i moći. Pogledaj ljude oko sebe. Je li barem jedan od njih slobodan od ovisnosti o svjetovnim osjećajima? Ima li ijedan od njih kojim ne upravljaju ti osjećaji, koji ih nije gladan, koji ne provodi svaki trenutak svoga budnog života tražeći ih svjesno ili nesvjesno? Kada to uvidiš razumjet ćeš kako ljudi pokušavaju osvojiti svijet, i dok to nastoje, izgube svoju dušu, jer žive prazne živote, živote bez duše. Ovo je prispodoba o životu nad kojom se treba zamisliti: Grupa turista sjedne u autobus koji prolazi kroz prekrasan kraj; kraj jezera i planina, zelenih polja i rijeka. No, zavjese u autobusu su spuštene i oni pojma nemaju o onome što se nalazi s druge strane prozora autobusa. Cijelo vrijeme putovanja provode u prepirci oko toga tko će dobiti počasno sjedalo u autobusu, kome će pljeskati i koga će poštovati. I u tom ostaju do konca putovanja.

Sjeti se nekoga koga ne voliš - nekoga koga obično izbjegavaš jer njegova/njezina prisutnost u tebi stvara negativne osjećaje. Zamisli tu osobu u svojoj prisutnosti i promatraj kako se u tebi bude negativna čuvstva... Vrlo je vjerojatno da se nalaziš u prisutnosti nekoga tko je siromašan, sakat, slijep ili hrom. Shvati sada da, ako pozoveš tu osobu, toga prosjeka, s ulica i aleja u svoj dom, to jest, k sebi, on/ona će ti biti dar kakav nitko od tvojih divnih i ugodnih prijatelja ne može biti, koliko god bogati bili. On ili ona otkrit će ti sebe i ljudsku prirodu - otkriće koje je isto tako vrijedno kao i bilo koje iz Svetog pisma. Jer, što će ti koristiti ako znaš sve što je zapisano u Svetom pismu, a ne znaš samog sebe i zbog toga živiš život jednog robota? Otkriće koje će ti taj prosjak donijeti proširit će tvoje srce tako da u njemu bude mjesta za svakog živog stvora. Postoji li ljepši poklon od toga? Promatraj sada samog sebe kako reagiraš negativno, i postavi si sljedeće pitanje: "Upravljam li ja tom situacijom, ili ta situacija upravlja mnome?" To je prvo otkriće. S njim dolazi i drugo: Ako želiš upravljati tom situacijom onda moraš upravljati i samim sobom, a ti to ne činiš. Kako se postiže to umijeće? Sve što moraš činiti je da shvatiš da ima ljudi na ovome svijetu koji, da su na tvom mjestu, ne bi bili negativno raspoloženi zbog te osobe. Oni bi upravljali tom situcijom, bili iznad nje, a ne njoj podložni kao što si ti. Prema tome, tvoja negativna čuvstva nisu uzrokovana tom osobom, kao što pogrešno misliš, nego tvojim programom. To je treće i najveće otkriće. Vidi što se događa kada to stvarno shvatiš. Kada prihvatiš ta otkrića o sebi, poslušaj otkriće o ljudskoj naravi. Je li ti jasno da on/ona, nije odgovoran/odgovorna za takvo ponašanje, takvu značajku kod te osobe koja je uzrok tvojim negativnim reakcijama? Možeš se držati svojih negativnih osjećaja jedino ako pogrešno misliš da je on, ili ona, slobodan/slobodna i svjestan/svjesna toga i zato odgovoran/odgovorna. Tko je to ikada učinio nešto zlo, a da je toga bio svjestan? Sposobnost da se čini zlo, ili da se bude zao, nije sloboda jer uključuje nedostatak svjesnosti i osjećajnosti. Oni koji su zaista slobodni ne mogu griješiti kao što ni Bog ne može griješiti. Ta sirota osoba pred tobom je sakata, slijepa, hroma, a ne zlobna kao što si glupo mislio. Shvati ovu istinu: promatraj svoja negativna čuvstva, postojano i duboko, i vidi kako se pretvaraju u obzirnost i suosjećanje. Iznenada, u svom srcu imaš mjesta za nekoga koga ste ti i drugi poslali na ulice i aleje. Sada ćeš shvatiti da taj prosjek dolazi u tvoju kuću s milodarom - obogaćivanjem tvoga srca samilošću i puštanjem tvoje duše na slobodu. Dok si prije bio upravljan (te su osobe imale moć stvaranja negativnih čuvstava u tebi i ti si skretao sa svog puta ne bi li ih izbjegao), sada imaš dar slobode da ne moraš nikoga izbjegavati, da ne moraš nikamo ići. Kada to vidiš, primijetit ćeš kako se u tvom srcu osjećaju samilosti pridružio i osjećaj zahvalnosti tom prosjaku koji je tvoj dobročinitelj. I još jedan, neuobičajen osjećaj: Osjećaš želju da tražiš društvo tih sakatih, hromih i slijepih ljudi koji potiču tvoj rast, isto tako kao što i onaj koji je naučio plivati traži vodu, jer svaki puta kada si s njima možeš osjetiti sve veću i veću samilost i nebesku slobodu, dok si prije osjećao ugnjetavanje i tiraniju negativnih osjećaja. I jedva da se možeš prepoznati dok ideš van na ulice i aleje grada, iz poslušnosti prema Učiteljevu izričitom nalogu, da dovedeš siromašne

Ovo je greška koju većina ljudi čini u svojim odnosima s drugima: pokušavaju se negdje ugnijezditi zastalno u ovom vječno promjenjivom tijeku života. Sjeti se nekog čiju ljubav priželjkuješ. Želiš li biti važan toj osobi, biti joj nešto posebno, nešto što će promijenit njegov/njezin život? Želiš li značiti nešto toj osobi, da se zanima za tebe na poseban način? Ako želiš, otvori svoje oči i vidi da blesavo pozivaš druge da te rezerviraju za sebe, da ograniče tvoju slobodu na svoju korist, da kontroliraju tvoje ponašanje, tvoj rast i razvoj kako odgovara njihovu interesu. To je isto kao da ti ta osoba kaže: "Ako želiš biti nešto posebno za mene, onda moraš udovoljiti mojim uvjetima. Zato što, onoga trenutka kada prestaneš živjeti prema mojim očekivanjima, za mene nećeš više biti ništa posebno." Želio bi nekome biti poseban, zar ne? Cijena koju tada moraš platiti je izgubljena sloboda. Moraš plesati kako ta osoba svira, isto kao što i ti zahtjevaš da oni koji tebi žele biti nešto posebno moraju plesati kako ti sviraš. Zaustavi se sada i upitaj se vrijedi li platiti tako puno da se dobije tako malo. Zamisli da kažeš toj osobi čiju posebnu ljubav priželjkuješ: "Pusti me da budem slobodan i svoj, da mislim svoje misli, da ugađam svom ukusu, da slijedim svoja nastojanja, da se ponašam onako kako ja odlučim da mi se sviđa." Onoga trenutka kada izgovoriš te riječi shvatit ćeš da tražiš nemoguće. Željeti da budeš nešto posebno za nekoga znači, u biti, da se vežeš na zadatak prema kojem se moraš ponašati onako kako odgovara toj osobi i tako gubiš svoju slobodu. Uzmi onoliko vremena koliko ti je potrebno da to shvatiš. Možda si sada spreman reći: "Više bih volio svoju slobodu nego tvoju ljubav." Ako bi morao birati između društva u zatvoru, i toga da po ovoj zemlji hodaš sam, što bi odabrao? Reci sada toj osobi: " Puštam te da budeš slobodan/slobodna i svoj/svoja, da misliš svoje misli, da ugađaš svom ukusu, slijediš svoje težnje, da se ponašaš onako kako ti odlučiš da ti odgovara." Onoga trenutka kada to kažeš primijetit ćeš jednu od ove dvije stvari: Ili će se tvoje srce opirati tim riječima, pa ćeš tada biti izložen opasnosti da se lijepiš na druge ili ih iskorištavaš kao sada (sada je, dakle, vrijeme da ispitaš svoje pogrešno uvjerenje da bez te osobe ne možeš živjeti ili biti sretan); ili će tvoje srce te riječi izgovoriti iskreno, i toga će istoga trenutka sva kontrola, manipulacija, iskorištavanje, posesivnost i ljubomora nestati. "Puštam te da budeš slobodan/slobodna i svoj/svoja: da misliš svoje misli, ugađaš svojem ukusu, slijediš svoje težnje, da se ponašaš onako kako ti odlučiš da ti odgovara." I primijetit ćeš još nešto: ta osoba ti automatski prestaje biti nešto posebno i važno. I on/ona postaje ti važan/važna na način na koji je zalazak sunca ili simfonija krasna u samoj sebi, na način na koji je bilo koje drvo posebno u sebi, a ne po svojim plodovima ili hladovini koju može pružiti. Tvoj dragi/draga tada više neće pripadati tebi, nego svima, ili nikome - kao izlazak sunca ili neko drvo. Ispitaj to tako da ponoviš one riječi: "Puštam te da budeš slobodan/slobodna..." Izgovorivši te riječi, oslobodio si se. Sada si sposoban voljeti. Jer kad se lijepiš na druge, ono što im nudiš nije ljubav nego lanac kojim ste i ti i tvoj/tvoja dragi/draga vezani. Ljubav može postojati samo u slobodi. Onaj tko zaista voli traži ono što je dobro za onoga koga voli, a što posebno pretpostavlja oslobađanje ljubljenog/ljubljene od onoga/one koji/koja ljubi.

Što se može učiniti da se postigne sreća? Ne možeš učiniti ništa, ni ti, niti bilo tko drugi. Zašto? Zbog jednostavnog razloga što si već sada sretan. Zašto bi onda težio za nečim što već imaš? Ako je tako, zašto onda ne osjećaš tu sreću koja je već tvoja? Zato što tvoj um sve vrijeme stvara jad. Odbaci taj jad svoga uma i sreća koja je oduvijek bila tvoja odmah će se pojaviti na površini. Kako odbaciti jad? Pronađi što uzrokuje jad i nepopustljivo promatraj uzrok, i izgubit će se sam od sebe. Ako, dakle, pažljivo promatraš, vidjet ćeš da postoji jedan i samo jedan uzrok jada. Taj uzrok zove se navezanost. Što je to navezanost? Navezanost je stanje u kojem je čovjek prilijepljen na neku stvar i osobu za koju misli da bez nje ne može biti sretan. To čuvstveno stanje prilijepljenosti sastavljen je od dva elementa: jedan je pozitivan, a drugi negativan. Pozitivan element je blijesak zadovoljstva i uzbuđenje, ushit koji osjećaš kada dobiješ ono na što si navezan. Negativni element je osjećaj prijetnje i napetosti koji uvijek prati navezanost. Zamisli nekoga tko u koncentracionom logoru proždire hranu: jednom rukom stavlja hranu u usta, a drugom je štiti od susjeda koji bi je ugrabio onog trenutka kada bi ovome popustila pažnja. To je savršena slika navezane osobe. Tako te navezanost, po svojoj naravi, dovodi do čuvstvene nepostojanosti i uvijek prijeti da uzdrma tvoj mir. Kako, dakle, možeš očekivati od navezane osobe da uroni u ocean sreće koji se zove kraljevstvo Božje? To je isto tako kao i očekivati da će deva proći kroz iglene ušice! Dakle, tragedija navezanosti je u tome što, ako se ne postigne objekt navezanosti, uzrokuje jad. Ali, ako se postigne, ne uzrokuje sreću, već samo blijesak zadovoljstva nakon kojeg slijedi zabrinutost; i naravno, također slijedi tjeskoba zbog straha da bi mogao izgubiti objekt navezanosti. Reći ćeš: "Zar ne bih mogao zadržati barem jednu navezanost?". Kako da ne. Možeš ih zadržati koliko želiš. Ali cijena koju plaćaš za svaku navezanost jest izgubljena sreća. Razmisli o ovome: narav navezanosti je takva da će, čak ako i puno njih zadovoljiš tijekom jednog dana, ona navezanost koja nije zadovoljena vrebati na tvoj um i učiniti će te nesretnim. Ne postoji način na koji bi mogao pobijediti u bici s navezanostima. Tražiti navezanost koja za sobom ne nosi jad isto je kao i tražiti vodu koja nije mokra. Još se nije rodio takav koji bi sastavio formulu prema kojoj bi mogao zadržati objekt svoje navezanosti bez borbe, tjeskobe, straha i, prije ili poslije, poraza. Postoji samo jedan način na koji možeš pobijediti u bici s navezanostima: odbaci ih. Suprotno raširenom mišljenju - odbacivanje navezanosti je lako. Sve što trebaš učiniti je shvatiti ali zaista shvatiti, sljedeće istine. Prva istina: Držiš se jednog pogrešnog mišljenja, naime, mišljenja da bez te određene osobe ili stvari nećeš biti sretan. Promotri svoje navezanosti jednu po jednu, vidi kako su to sve pogrešna uvjerenja. Možda ćeš se morati suočiti s opiranjem svojeg srca, ali onog trenutka kada to budeš vidio, odmah će doći do ploda u tvojim čuvstvima. Toga će trenutka navezanost odmah izgubiti svoju snagu.sin-žena-kuća-posao-auto-zdravlje Druga istina: Ako samo uživaš u stvarima ne dopuštajući si da se na njih navežeš, to jest, ako ne prihvatiš mišljenje da bez njih nećeš biti sretan, bit ćeš pošteđen borbe i čuvstvene napetosti dok ih štitiš i čuvaš za sebe. Je li ti ikada palo na pamet da možeš zadržati sve ono a što si navezan bez odricanja, bez napuštanja ičega, i da možeš u svemu uživati čak još više na principima nenavezanosti, bez prilijepljenosti, jer si sada opušten, i nisi ugrožen dok uživaš u njima? Treća i konačna istina: Ako naučiš uživati u mirisu tisuću ruža, nećeš se prilijepiti na samo jednu i nećeš patiti ako je ne možeš dobiti. Ako imaš tisuću najdražih jela, onda će gubitak jednog proći nezapaženo i neće umanjiti tvoju sreću. Ali, upravo te tvoje navezanosti sprečavaju u rastu i razvijanju raznolikijeg ukusa za stvari i ljude. U svjetlu tih istina niti jedna navezanost ne može opstati. Ali, svjetlost mora sjati neometano ako želiš da bude djelotvorna. Navezanosti mogu bujati jedino u tami opsjene. Bogataš ne može ući u kraljevstvo radosti ne zato što bi htio biti loš, već zato što odabire biti slijep.

Je li ti ikada palo na pamet da si programiran da budeš nesretan, i zato ti je, što god činio da postaneš sretan, suđen neuspjeh? To je kao da si u svoje računalo unio matematičke jednadžbe, a da zatim nijednom ne uspiješ iz njega dobiti Shakespearove stihove. Ako želiš biti sretan, ono prvo što trebaš nije trud, čak ni dobra volja ili dobre želje, nego čisto razumijevanje toga kako si točno programiran. Evo što se dogodilo: Prvo su te tvoje društvo i tvoja kultura naučili misliti da nećeš biti sretan bez izvjesnih osoba i izvjesnih stvari. Samo pogedaj oko sebe: posvuda su ljudi, zapravo, izgradili svoje živote na neupitnom uvjerenju da bez izvjesnih stvari, novca, moći, uspjeha, odobravanja, ugleda, ljubavi, prijateljstva, duhovnosti, Boga, ne mogu biti sretni. Koja je tvoja kombinacija? Nakon što si to svoje uvjerenje progutao, naravno da se kod tebe javila navezanost na tu osobu ili stvar za koju si bio uvjeren da bez nje ne možeš. Tada si se morao početi truditi da stekneš svoju dragocijenu stvar ili osobu, da bi se, nakon što si je stekao, na nju navezao, te se počeo boriti protiv svake mogućnosti da je izgubiš. To te je na kraju dovelo do jadne čuvstvene navezanosti, tako da te je objekt tvoje navezanosti mogao ushićivati kada si ga stekao, uzrokovati tjeskobu kada se pokazala opasnost da ga izgubiš, i jad kada si ga izgubio. Stani sada na trenutak i s užasom se zamisli nad beskrajnim popisom svojih navezanosti kojima si postao zarobljenik. Razmisli o konkretnim stvarima i osobama, ne astraktnim... Nakon što te je tvoja navezanost zgrabila, počeo si se svim silama boriti, u svakom budnom trenutku svoga života, da preurediš svijet oko sebe tako da bi mogao sačuvati i zadržati objekt svoje navezanosti. To je iscrpljujući zadatak koji ostavlja malo energije za posao življenja i potpunog uživanja u životu. To je, također, nemoguć zadatak u svijetu koji se neprestano mijenja i koji ti, jednostavno, nisi sposoban kontrolirati. Tako si, umjesto života u spokoju i ispunjenosti, osuđen na život pun frustracija, tjeskoba, briga, nesigurnosti, iščekivanja, napetosti. U nekoliko prolaznih trenutaka, svijet se zaista pokorava tvojim težnjama i mijenja prema tvojim željama. Tada zakratko postaješ sretan. Ili radije, okusiš blijesak zadovoljstva koji uopće nije sreća, jer je u pozadini popraćen strahom da bi se bilo u kojem trenutku taj svijet stvari i ljudi, koji si s toliko muke stavio na svoje mjesto, mogao izmaknuti tvojoj kontroli i razočarati te, u čemu, prije ili poslije, nikada ne zataji. I evo još nečeg nad čime se treba duboko zamisliti: svaki puta kada si tjeskoban ili uplašen, to je zato što bi mogao izgubiti ili ne postići objekt svoje navezanosti, zar ne? I svaki put kada si ljubomoran, zar to nije zbog toga što bi netko mogao pobjeći s onim na što si navezan? I skoro sva tvoja ljutnja dolazi od toga što netko stoji na putu do onoga na što si navezan, zar ne? I vidi kako paranoidan postaješ kada je ono na što si navezan ugroženo - ne možeš misliti objektivno, cijelo tvoje viđenje postaje iskrivljeno, zar ne? I svaki put kada ti je dosadno, zar to nije zbog toga što ne dobivaš dovoljnu zalihu onoga za što misliš da će te usrećiti, onoga na što si navezan? I kada si potišten i jadan, uzrok je svima očigledan: život ti ne daje dovoljno onoga za što si samog sebe uvjerio da bez toga ne možeš biti sretan? Skoro svako negativno čuvstvo koje osjećaš izravna je posljedica navezanosti. Tu si, dakle, pritisnut teretom svojih navezanosti i beznadno se boriš da postigneš sreću upravo zadržavajući taj teret. To je besmislena ideja. Tragedija je u tome što je to jedini način za postizanje sreće na koji su svi naučeni, način koji jamačno rezultira tjeskobom, razočaranjem i tugom. Teško da je ikome rečena sljedeća istina: Da budeš istinski sretan trebaš učiniti jedno, i samo jedno: otarasi se svog programa, otarasi se tih navezanosti. Kada se ljudi spotaknu na očiglednu istinu, postanu užasnuti zbog pomisli na bol koja je povezana s odbacivanjem njihovih navezanosti. Ali, taj postupak uopće nije bolan. Naprotiv... Odbacivanje je navezanosti savršeno ugodan zadatak ako alat koji koristimo nije snaga volje ili odricanje, već uvid. Sve što trebaš učiniti je: 1) otvori svoje oči i vidi da, zapravo, uopće ne trebaš objekt svoje navezanosti, 2) samo moraš shvatiti da si bio programiran, da ti je mozak bio ispran da misliš kako ne bi mogao biti sretan ili kako ne bi mogao živjeti bez te određene osobe ili stvari. Sjećaš li se kako ti je srce bilo slomljeno, kako si bio siguran da više nikada nećeš biti sretan jer si izgubio nekoga tko ti je jako puno značio? Ali, što se onda dogodilo? Vrijeme je prolazilo, a ti si se naučio snalaziti prilično dobro, zar ne? To bi te trebalo upozoriti na neispravnost tvojeg mišljenja, na varku kojom te je obmanjivao tvoj programirani um. Ono na što si navezan nije stvarno. To je tvoje mišljenje, uobrazilja u tvojoj glavi koju ti je priskrbio tvoj program. Da te uobrazilje nije bilo u tvojoj glavi, ne bi ni bio navezan. Volio bi stvari i ljude i potpuno bi uživao u njima, ali bez svojih vjerovanja, uživao bi u njima bez navezanosti. Ustvari, ima li ikoji drugi način na koji bi stvarno mogao uživati u nečemu? Napravi sada pregled svih svojih navezanosti i svakoj osobi ili stvari koja ti padne na pamet reci: "Ja, ustvari, uopće nisam navezan na tebe. Ja se samo zavaravam mišlju da bez tebe neću biti sretan." Samo to učini pošteno i vidi promjenu koja se počinje javljati u tebi:"Ja, ustvari, uopće nisam navezan na tebe. Ja sam se samo zavaravao mišlju da bez tebe neću biti sretan."
Ako promotriš način na koji si sklopljen i način na koji funkcioniraš, pronaći ćeš u svojoj glavi cijeli jedan program, skupinu zahtjeva o tome kakav bi svijet trebao biti, kakav bi ti trebao biti i što bi trebao željeti. Tko je odgovoran za tu programiranost? Ti nisi. Nisi, u stvari, ti taj koji odlučuje čak ni o osnovnim stvarima kao što su tvoja htijenja i želje, i takozvane potrebe; o svojim vrijednostima, svom ukusu, svojim stavovima. Tvoji roditelji, tvoje društvo, tvoja kultura, tvoja vjeroispovijest, tvoja prošla iskustva jesu ta koja su unijela upute za djelovanje u tvoje računalo. Sada, koliko god bio star i kamo god išao, tvoje računalo ide skupa s tobom i djeluje i radi u svakom svjesnom ili nesvjesnom trenutku tijekom dana; zapovijedajući traži da se njegovi zahtjevi ostvare u životu, u ljudima i u tebi. Ako se ti zahtjevi ostvare, računalo ti dopušta da budeš miran i sretan. Ako se ti zahtjevi ne ostvare, čak i onda kada ti nisi za to kriv, računalo u tebi stvara negativna čuvstva koja uzrokuju patnju. Na primjer, kada drugi ljudi ne žive prema očekivanjima tvojega računala, mučit će te frustracijama ili ljutnjom ili gorčinom. Drugi primjer: Kada stvari nisu pod tvojim nadzorom, ili kada budućnost nije sigurna, tvoje računalo traži da postaneš tjeskoban, napet, zabrinut. Tada trošiš puno energije boreći se s tim negativnim čuvstvima. Ti se općenito boriš, trošeći puno energije na pokušaje mijenjanja svijeta oko sebe, samo da se ostvare zahtjevi tvojeg računala. Ako se to dogodi, doći ćeš do nepostojana mira; nepostojana zato što se svakog trenutka može dogoditi neka sitnica (da vlak kasni, da kazetofon ne radi, pismo ne stiže - bilo što) koja se neće slagati s programom tvojega računala, i računalo će tražiti da se opet naljutiš. I tako ti živiš svoj zanosni život u stalnoj ovisnosti o milosrđu stvari i ljudi, očajnički pokušavajući prilagoditi ih zahtjevima svog računala, tako da možeš uživati jedini mir kakvog možeš poznavati - privremeni odmor od negativnih čuvstava - znak pažnje od tvojeg računala i tvojeg programa. Ima li izlaza iz toga? Ima. Nećeš moći promijeniti svoj program tako lako, ili možda uopće ne, ali ga ni ne moraš mijenjati. Pokušaj ovo: 1) Zamisli da se nalaziš u takvoj situaciji ili u društvu osobe koju smatraš neugodnom i koju bi inače izbjegavao. 2) Sada promatraj kako tvoje računalo počinje instiktivno djelovati, uporno zahtijevajući da izbjegneš tu situaciju ili je pokušaš promijeniti. 3) I ako ostaneš tamo i odbiješ mijenjati situaciju, 4) promatraj kako računalo uporno zahtijeva da se živciraš, ili da osjetiš tjeskobu, ili krivnju, ili neko drugo negativno čuvstvo. 5) Nastavi promatrati tu neugodnu situaciju ili osobu dok ne shvatiš da:
Ni ta situacija, niti ta osoba ne uzrokuju negativna čuvstva.
One samo idu svojim putom, kakve jesu - jesu, čineći što čine - pravo ili krivo, dobro ili loše.
Tvoje računalo je to koje, zahvaljujući tvom programu, uporno zahtijeva da reagiraš s negativnim čuvstvima.
Vidjet ćeš to bolje ako shvatiš da bi netko drugi, s drukčijim programom, u istoj situaciji, istom slučaju ili s istom osobom reagirao sasvim smireno, čak i radosno. Nemoj stati dok ne shvatiš ovu istinu: jedini razlog zbog kojeg i ti isto ne reagiraš smireno i radosno je tvoje računalo koje tvrdoglavo zahtijeva da se stvarnost preoblikuje prema tvojem programu. Promotri sve to, tako reći, izvana, i vidi čudesnu promjenu koja se događa u tebi. Shvativši tu istinu, i zaustavivši time svoje računalo u stvaranju negativnih čuvstava, možeš započeti bilo s kojim djelovanjem koje smatraš prikladnim. Možeš izbjegavati neku situaciju ili osobu; ili je možeš pokušati promijeniti; ili možeš zahtijevati poštivanje svojih prava i prava drugih; možeš čak i posegnuti za silom... ... ali tek nakon što si se riješio svojih čuvstvenih problema, jer tada će tvoje djelovanje izvirati iz mira i ljubavi, a ne iz neurotične želje da umiriš svoje računalo ili se prilagodiš njegovu programu, ili da se otarasiš negativnih čuvstava koje ono stvara. Tada ćeš razumijeti koliko je duboka mudrost ovih riječi: Onomu tko bi se htio parničiti da bi se domogao tvoje donje haljine, prepusti i gornju. Ako te tko prisili jednu milju, pođi s njim dvije! Jer, postat će ti očito da pravo ugnjetavanje ne dolazi od onih koji se s tobom parniče, ili od vlasti koja te prisiljava na ropski rad, nego od tvog računala čiji program uništava mir u tvojoj duši onog trenutka kada se izvanjske okolnosti ne poklope s programiranim zahtjevima. Znani su ljudi koji su bili sretni čak i u takvim okolnostima kao što je ugnjetavanje u koncentracionom logoru! Ono čega bi se trebao osoboditi jest ugnjetavanje koje provodi tvoja programiranost. Samo tada ćeš moći iskusiti onu unutarnju slobodu koja jedina mora pokrenuti sve društvene revolucije, jer to moćno čuvstvo, strast koja se javlja kada vidiš društvena zla i budeš potaknut na djelovanje, imat će svoje izvorište u stvarnosti, a ne u tvojem programu ili u tvom egu.


Pogledaj u svijet i vidi kako ste i ti i ljudi oko tebe nesretni. Znaš li zašto su ljudi nesretni? Vjerojatno ćeš reći da je to zbog usamljenosti ili ugnjetavanja, rata ili mržnje, ili bezboštva. I Imat ćeš krivo. Tome postoji samo jedan uzrok: kriva mišljenja u tvojoj glavi, mišljenja toliko raširena, tako uobičajena da ti nikada ne padne na pamet da ih preispitaš. Zbog tih krivih mišljenja iskrivljena je tvoja slika svijeta i sebe samoga. Ti si tako kruto isprogramiran i pritisak društva toliko je velik da si doslovno zarobljen u zamci koja iskrivljuje tvoju sliku svijeta. Otud nema izlaza jer ti ni ne sumnjaš da bi tvoja slika mogla biti iskrivljena, tvoje razmišljanje krivo, a tvoja mišljenja pogrešna. Pogledaj oko sebe i vidi možeš li pronaći jednu jedinu istinski sretnu osobu - osobu bez straha, slobodnu od nesigurnosti, tjeskoba, napetosti i briga. Imao bi sreće kada bi našao jednu takvu osobu među stotinu tisuća ljudi. To bi te trebalo dovesti do sumnje u programiranost i mišljenja koja su tebi i njima zajednička. Ali, ti si programiran i tako da ne sumnjaš, da ne dvojiš, da se uzdaš jedino u pretpostavke koje su unesene u tebe kroz tvoju predaju, tvoju kulturu, tvoje društvo, tvoju vjeroispovijest. I ako nisi sretan, izvježban si tako da kriviš samoga sebe, ne svoju programiranost, ne svoje kulturološke i naslijeđene zamisli i mišljenja. Ono što stvar čini još gorom jest i činjenica da je većini ljudi mozak toliko ispran da ne shvaćaju koliko su nesretni; kao čovjek koji sanja, a ni ne sluti da sanja. Koja su to kriva mišljenja - zapreke na putu do sreće? Evo nekoliko primjera. Prvo mišljenje: Ne možeš biti sretan bez stvari na koje si navezan i koje smatraš dragocijenima. Krivo. Ne prođe niti jedan trenutak u tvome životu a da ne posjeduješ sve ono što ti je potrebno za sreću. Razmišljaj o tome koju minutu. Razlog zbog kojeg si nesretan je to što se ne usredotočuješ na ono što imaš, već na ono što nemaš. Drugo mišljenje: Sreća se nalazi u budućnosti. Nije istina. Upravo ovdje i sada ti si sretan, ali ti to ne znaš jer su te tvoja kriva vjerovanja i tvoja iskrivljena opažanja zarobila u strahovima, tjeskobama, navezanostima, sukobima i krivnji, i učinila od tebe taoca u igri koju si programiran igrati. Kada bi to shvatio, uvidio bi da si sretan, a da toga nisi svjestan. Još jedno mišljenje: Bit ćeš sretan ako uspiješ promijeniti situaciju u kojoj se nalaziš i ljude oko sebe. Nije istina. Glupo rasipaš toliko energije pokušavajući preinačiti svijet. Ako je tvoj poziv provesti život mijenjajući svijet - idi samo i promijeni ga, ali nemoj u sebi gajiti obmanu da će te to učiniti sretnim. Ono što te čini sretnim ili nesretnim nije svijet ni ljudi oko tebe, već misli u tvojoj glavi. Tražiti sreću u svijetu izvan sebe isto je kao i tražiti anđelovo gnijezdo na dnu oceana. Ako je, dakle, sreća to što tražiš, možeš prestati rasipati energiju pokušavajući izliječiti svoju ćelavost ili razviti privlačno tijelo, mijenjati prebivalište ili posao, zajednicu ili stil života, ili čak svoju osobnost. Shvaćaš li da bi mogao promijeniti svaku od tih stvari, mogao bi biti posebno zgodan i imati očaravajuću osobnost, nalaziti se u najugodnijoj okolini, a ipak biti nesretan? I duboko u sebi spoznaješ da je to istina, ali ipak i dalje tratiš trud i energiju pokušavajući doći do onoga što te ne može učiniti sretnim. Još jedno krivo mišljenje: Bit ćeš sretan ako se ispune sve tvoje želje. Nije istina. U stvari, upravo te želje i navezanosti stvaraju u tebi napetost, frustracije, živčanost, nesigurnost i strah. Napravi popis svih svojih navezanosti i želja, i svakoj od njih reci ove riječi: "Duboko u svom srcu znam da čak ni onda kada to postignem, ako se to i ostvari, neću postići sreću." (zaposlenje-zdravlje-novi stan-novi auto-novac na lutriji) I duboko se zamisli nad istinošću tih riječi. Ispunjenje želja može, u najboljem slučaju, donijeti bljeskove zadovoljstva i uzbuđenja. Nemoj to pomiješati sa srećom. Što je onda sreća? Vrlo mali broj ljudi zna odgovor, ali nitko ti ga ne može reći, jer sreća se ne može opisati. Možeš li opisati svjetlost ljudima koji su sjedili u tami cijeli svoj život? Možeš li opisati stvarnost nekome tko se nalazi u snovima? Shvati da se nalaziš u tami i tama će nestati; tada ćeš znati što je svjetlost. Shvati da je to što ti se događa noćna mora i prestat će; tada ćeš se probuditi u stvarnosti. Shvati da imaš kriva mišljenja i izgubit će se; tada ćeš okusiti sreću. Ako ljudi toliko žude za srećom, zašto onda ne pokušavaju shvatiti da imaju kriva mišljenja? Prvo: zato jer im nikada ne padne na pamet da ih vide kao kriva ili čak kao mišljenja. Program je bio tako duboko unesen u njih da ih vide kao činjenice i stvarnost. Drugo: zato jer se boje da će izgubiti jedini svijet koji poznaju: svijet želja, navezanosti, strahova, društvenih ugnjetavanja, napetosti, težnji za uspjehom, briga, krivnji, s bljeskovima zadovoljstva, oduška i uzbuđenja koji sve to sa sobom nose. Zamisli nekoga tko se boji prekinuti noćnu moru jer, na kraju krajeva, to je jedini svijet koji poznaje. Tu si opisan ti i drugi ljudi. Ako želiš naći trajnu sreću, moraš biti spreman mrziti oca, majku, čak i svoj život, i odreći se cijelog svog imetka. Kako? Ne odriči se ničega, i ne napuštaj ništa jer ono što nasilno napustiš, na to si vječno vezan. Nego radije uvidi da je to noćna mora, što u stvari i jest, i onda će, zadržao sve ili ne, izgubiti svoj utjecaj na tebe, moć da te povrijedi. Napokon ćeš se probuditi iz svog sna, izvan te tame, bez tih strahova i jada. Provedi neko vrijeme u gledanju na svaku od tih stvari na koje si navezan kao na ono što zaista i jesu - noćne more koje, s jedne strane, uzrokuju uzbuđenja i zadovoljstva, a s druge strane brige, nesigurnost, napetosti, tjeskobe i strahove i jad. Otac i majka: noćna mora. Suprug i djeca, braća i sestre: noćna mora. Sve što posjeduješ: noćna mora. Tvoj život kakav je sada: noćna mora. Svaka pojedina stvar na koju si se navezao i zbog koje si samog sebe uvjerio da bez nje ne možeš biti sretan: noćna mora. Tada ćeš mrziti oca i majku, suprugu i djecu, braću i sestre, čak i svoj život. I tako ćeš se lako odreći svega što posjeduješ, to jest, prestat ćeš se navezivati na stvari i tako im uništiti mogućnost da te povrijede. Tada ćeš napokon okusiti to tajanstveno stanje koje se ne može opisati ni izreći - stanje trajne sreće i mira. I razumjet ćeš kako je istinito to da će svakome onome tko raskine navezanost na braću i sestre, oca, majku ili djecu, zemlju ili kuće... biti plaćeno stostruko i baštinit će život vječni.

ponedjeljak, 15. rujna 2008.

'May you be happy, may your dreams come true'



Stanford Report, June 15, 2005
Sylvia Boorstein's keynote speech: 'May you be happy, may your dreams come true'

This speech was delivered without a text or notes and is a transcription of Dr. Boorstein's spoken words at the Multifaith Baccalaureate Celebration on June 11, 2005.
"It's so great. I got so excited while that was happening.
One of my meditation teachers used to end each of our interviews actually, I'd have my hand on the door ready to leave, and she'd say to me, "Remember, Sylvia, be happy," and I'd go out and I actually for a long time thought it was a salutation, like "have a good day" or something that you say just in a routine kind of a way, and it took me a long time to realize that it was an instruction, "Be happy," and not only that it was an instruction but that it was a wisdom transmission, that happiness was a possibility. I understand that happiness to mean the happiness of a mind that's alert, that's awake to the amazing potential of being a person in a life, with a mind that's opened, that sees everything that's going on, that sees my own life drama and the drama of life, and realizes what an amazing possibility this is, and with a heart that's open, the heart that responds naturally as hearts do, in compassion, in connection with friendliness, with love, with consolation when it needs to, that that's the happiness of life, a mind that's awake, a heart that's engaged, and that what I want to do this morning is share with you two practices, three practices, really, that are my current practices, that help me keep my mind in a shape where I remember that that's a possibility.
But, the first thing I want to say is congratulations, to everybody—to the graduates, of course, but to their families and the faculty and the administration and the founders of Stanford and everyone and everything else that has gone into making this event merge at this very moment. I have photos in a very old photo album of my father graduating from the City College of New York in 1934, and there are pictures of him posing in his cap and gown, but also my grandfather and my grandmother and my mother to whom he was engaged at that time, also posing in his cap and gown, and the truth is, when I was young, I was a little embarrassed about that. I felt a little bit shy about the fact that my grandparents, immigrants to this country who didn't speak English and hadn't gone to school at all, were presuming to wear a cap and gown. But you know, now I look at those photos and I think that they're exactly right, that everyone should have been wearing the cap and gown, that my grandparents each did whatever jobs they needed to do in order for my father to be able to not take a job, to go to school instead. The fact that they were all there at that graduation, trying on the cap and gown, had to do with the fact that my mother insisted that my father, who did not like ceremonies, go to that ceremony. It also has to do with the fact that the immigration laws into the United States in the early 19th [sic] century allowed my grandparents and many, many other people to come and start new lives here. That photo also depends on a free education at City College being available to everyone. If I look at that photo I not only see my father's efforts; I see everyone's efforts and everything that was part of the world at that moment conspiring to make those photos possible. Just as, everything thing morning is possible because of a zillion myriad causes. The thing that I find most exciting to remember is that no one does anything alone. Everyone does everything with the help of everyone who has ever been in his or her life and supported them in all the ways that we support, and with the help of a culture that supports. Everything makes every single moment. That's so amazing to me. I think to myself, wow, the scripture line that came to me this morning as I looked out at all of you is wow, mana ra hama comaza. It's Jacob waking up from his dream and saying, "How amazing, how awesome is this world."
In my life, when I think about what's happening, it's sometimes tedious and sometimes wonderful, but when I think about life that is happening, that's amazing, so what I want to do with you right now is I'd like to do a mini-meditation. You don't need to close your eyes. It used to be when you said let's meditate, everybody would close their eyes and folded their legs in a certain way, sat up straight. You can sit exactly the way you are. In fact, I hope you keep your eyes open and look at this glorious day, look at the people around you. You can look just for a minute; look at the people around you. This is a looking meditation.
Look at the people around you. Some of them you know. Graduates probably most know each other. The parents and family, you can look at other people and not know them personally but in this moment, know that you are sharing this celebratory moment of passage, this moment that could only happen because of zillions and zillions and zillions of causes of which you are all a part.
You know, if everybody could discuss with another, if we had a lot of time, what's in your mind at this moment, what are your mind states, people would say, I'm sure, delighted and joyful and relieved and maybe a little sad, actually, to be finishing, and maybe parents and family are feeling nostalgic about when they were young people starting out into their lives. Maybe you're feeling anticipatory nostalgia about leaving Stanford before you leave, if you're leaving. Everyone's got a mind full of an extraordinary array of human emotions, and if we look at each other, we don't even have to have little discussion groups to say how you are feeling. We know that that person, like me, is celebrating this moment together with me. We are human beings awake to this moment. It's a gorgeous day that supports awareness.
I want to say that really what I think about when my teacher said to me, "Be happy," is be awake, be alert, stay in your life, stay present to it. She said at another point, "It's your life, Sylvia, don't miss it." That's been a very important thing.
Now I want—that, by the way, was the warm-up meditation. This is the real meditation.
Just for a moment, you could even close your eyes if you want to, and this one is not a requirement, just for a moment; think about some challenge in your life at this point. Maybe you're about to start a new job or a new school or a new program or everyone, you know, it's not just for graduates. I think our life, my life is a continuing series of new challenges, new things to do, and among them always something that seems perhaps a little difficult, and I'd like you to be aware of the fact that when the mind is alert and expansive, present as it is in this moment, something that seems like a challenge seems workable. My mind is helpful. It says, well, this seems like a hard thing to do, but I can do it, I'll do that. Well, this is a difficult time in my life but it'll pass. I'll do that. When my mind is buoyant, it can carry the challenges of my life in a more hopeful, inspired way.
One last meditation. I'd like you to think for a moment, in this expansive and I hope hopeful and joyful moment, about the world and its difficulties. It's a very complicated world. It needs a lot of help. In the moments when my mind is inspired, I think about the readings from Abraham Heschel, the readings from Father Merton, the readings from the Dalai Lama, and I think yes, yes, that's right, that is the potential of human beings. We can in fact arise above our personal, trivial needs. We can, as Dr. Heschel said, really make a new world. We can, as Father Merton said, really find that our basic nature is lovingness and kindness and we can live n the awareness of that, and we can express that in the way we are with people. And we can, as His Holiness the Dalai Lama, really meet people as friends. Imagine a world where we met everyone as sisters and brothers.
In moments when my mind is blank, like this one, I think to myself, I know that's true, yes, yes. And I can be a part of it. I'm inspired to make a difference. When I realize that every moment is the result of every single thing that's ever happened, I can even think about the world and its difficulties now and think about it in this way. I can say the world is full of difficulties but they didn't get there by accident. The way the world is the result of all the actions of everybody up to now, but the actions of me and everybody else now will make a different world. Everything is always the lawful consequence of causes and conditions, and I and all of you are always for all of our life part of the causes and conditions of the emerging world. That's so exciting for me, when I remember, when my own story of my own life has not captivated me so much that I am bewildered or beleaguered or too tired to remember what I know what's true.
So here are the three practices that I know, that help my mind, picked itself up and remember, there's a world out there and I could make a difference in it, and the difference making would make me happy.
The first practice is a practice of mindfulness. It's a practice of the Buddha ** but it is not a parochial practice. It has no dogma. It's the practice of paying attention, really paying attention. It's a fancy word for paying attention. The point of paying attention, which means in every moment of my life trying to make myself aware of how do I feel? What's going on inside of me? What's going on outside, but what's going on inside? And, from that, getting to see what's always true. The point of it is wisdom. This is the wisdom that we're meant to see. There are three wisdoms. The first is that everything passes. This moment, like every other moment, passes. It's a great piece of wisdom to have in mind when my life is difficult, it's wonderful to remember that it won't be that way forever. I had a very difficult time come up in my family recently. Some incident happened and I was so upset about it, and one of my daughters came by me and said, "Mom, get a grip, its 12 minutes out of a whole life." That was a really important wisdom transmission. It's just this time out of a whole life.
The other part is not only that every experience passes so that when difficult ones are here, they're supportable, but every moment passes so I shouldn't miss this one. This is the only chance I get to do this one. Every moment is precious. Everything that I do makes a difference so I want everything that I do to be inspired by kindness.
The second thing that's important to know is that things are the way they are because of so many causes. Some of the things I can change in my life, and some of them I cant, but the wisest way I can respond to my life is by accommodating it and responding to it and not fighting and struggling with it, that are the things that I can change and I'd like the courage to change them. There are things that I can't change. I'd like the serenity to accept them. I'd like to keep the wisdom to know the difference.
And the third thing, again, is the recognition that no one does anything alone, that is, all causes and conditions. It relieves me personally of worrying too much about praise or blame. If I do something good, I think to myself, well, great, this is my teacher's and my parents' and my whole life speaking through me at this moment and acting through me, and I am very, very grateful for all of my teachers and all the people that make me who I am today, and I figure I share the merit with them. They're part of it. And when I don't do so well, when I don't do as well as I wish, I can also distribute the dismay and say this is not my fault. All of my committee did not show up in exactly the right proportions today, but they will another time, so thank you, committee, and we carry on. I don't have to carry the whole burden myself. I'm part of the committee but I'm not the whole committee. That's a great piece of awareness. That's what's supposed to happen from paying attention. That's my first practice.
Second practice is a practice of kind expression. The Buddha word for it is meta practice, kindness practice. Actually meta means friendliness practice, and in the reading from the Dalai Lama, you heard about meeting every moment as a friend, every person as a friend. It's easy to meet people and it's easy to meet experiences in your life as a friend if they're pleasant. It's not so easy if they're unpleasant and if you don't like them, so it's really important to know that this is a practice not for the benefit of the other person. It's a practice for the benefit of myself, that what I'm actually trying to do is to keep my heart an enmity-free zone. There's so much enmity in the world. I don't want any of it in my heart. If I can meet this person at least with a good intention for them, my grandfather used to say about everybody, because that was just an Eastern European thing to say, "My daughter, Miriam, may she live and thrive; my cousin Murray, may he live and thrive. I like to think about people as they come along—here comes so-and-so; may they live and thrive. I can like them or not like them, but if I think 'may they live and thrive,' it picks me up and it keeps me from thinking my stories about why I might not like them, which will condition how it is when I meet them. It's actually a safeguard for myself, so I hope as you meet people through the day, you might say to them, "May you live and thrive," and they'll never know actually, except other than that you wish them well. And your heart will stay in a very good zone.
There's a third practice that I have. This is not a practice of the Buddha could have taught, because it involves having a computer and doing e-mail. And it's a practice that I have been doing for two years with my friend, Carol. Carol lives in Massachusetts, I live in California, we decided while we were teaching somewhere together having heard from a friend of ours that this was a good practice, I looked over at Carol and said, "You want to do this?" and she said, "yes." We went home. We e-mail each other every single day and I write to Carol what I am grateful for that day, and she writes to me. It's not a letter. I don't even write "Dear Carol." I say, "I am grateful today for" this and this and this. She writes the same. I don't have to respond to her, she doesn't have to respond to me. When we started, it was easy. She went back to Massachusetts, she said, "I'm grateful the snow is melting." I wrote to her, "I am grateful I live in California, we already have crocuses and daffodils."
But after a while, after the excitement and the novelty of being friends used up all of our great stuff, we inevitably came to the truth of our lives, and sometimes there are really difficult days, and I would find myself at the end of the day in front of my computer writing to Carol and saying, "I am grateful for your presence at the other end of this e-mail because I've had an absolutely terrible day. I am up to here with my colleagues. I'm upset with this and this with my family. I am trying to get a grip about this because I'm trying to be spiritual about it and it's not working, and I'm very happy that you're out there so I can tell you I'm in a really desperate mood, and in truth, as I'm telling you and as I'm writing you, it doesn't seem so bad, and actually there's a little space around the edges of it, and actually as I'm writing to you I see that I've made more of a mountain out of a mole hill than I needed to do and it becomes workable, and so and so." And Carol and I over these two years that we've been doing it have become as a result of this, very dear friends, because we've come to really tell each other what the really challenged parts of our lives are, and it's extraordinary to feel that I am held in loving compassion by someone out there, that I don't have to see, that I don't have to meet, that somewhere in the world there is someone waiting for her e-mail from me every day saying my gratitude. What it does for me, because it obligates me to make a space of gratitude in my mind, is I have to find some frame around my story large enough to hold the story, even if my story is one of woe and difficulty, I can say I'm still so happy that you love me and you're out there and you'll read this and you'll care about me. If the frame gets bigger, it allows me to see different possibilities in my life and when the frame is bigger, it allows me to remember that there is a life outside of mine, that there are other possibilities not only in my life but in the world. I get reconnected to myself in affection, and I get re-inspired to make a difference in the world.
You know, the Buddha said, the Ananda, the principal disciple of the Buddha, said to him at one point, "Is it true that noble friends are half of the holy life?" And the Buddha said, "No, it's not true. Noble friends are the whole of the holy life." So I would like you for a minute to look around at your noble friends, people that have helped you through all these years. Think about it your family back there who are, all of them, your noblest friends from the beginning. Think about the people who couldn't be here today who are part of your life who are your noble friends. And I'd like us to do this meditation together. You can look at the noble friends so you can think about the noble families. I'd like you to think, you don't have to say this out of your mouth, but you can think it in your mind. May your life go well, may you be happy, may your dreams come true. Think of somebody else now. May your life go well, may you be happy, may your dreams come true. Think of somebody else. May your life go well, may you be happy, may your dreams come true.
Now let's change the—we're all doing that, right? We're all doing that. Think of people. Now change the pronoun. We'll all change the pronoun. We'll change the pronoun from "you" to "we." May our lives go well, may we be happy, may our dreams come true. May we stay awake and alert, may we stay friendly, may we stay amazed.
Thank you very much."

nedjelja, 14. rujna 2008.

Krishnamurti Jiddu: Unutrašnja revolucija - 3 dio


Pitam se kako vidite smrt; ne teoretski, već što ona zbiljski za vas znači - ne kao nešto što će neizbježno doći kao ishod nesreće, bolesti ili starosti. To se događa svakome: starost i težnje koje prate starost, da se pokuša biti mlad. Sve same teorije, sve nada, što znači da ste u očaju. Bivajući očajni, okrećete se nečemu što će vam dati nadu. Jeste li se ikada zagledali u svoj očaj da biste vidjeli zašto postoji? Postoji zato jer se uspoređujete s nekim drugim, jer želite zadovoljiti, postati, biti, postići.
Jedna od čudnih stvari u životu je naša uvjetovanost glagolom 'biti'. Jer u njemu je prisutna prošlost, sadašnjost i budućnost. Svo religijsko uvjetovanje se temelji na glagolu 'biti'. Na njemu se temelji svaki raj i pakao, sva vjerovanja, svi spasitelji, sva pretjerivanja. Može li ljudsko biće živjeti bez tog glagola? Što znači živjeti i nemati prošlosti, nemati budućnosti. To ne znači 'življenje u sadašnjosti' - vi ne znate što znači živjeti u sadašnjosti. Da biste u potpunosti živjeli u sadašnjosti, vi morate znati što je priroda i struktura prošlosti - koja ste vi sami. Vi morate sebe poznavati toliko potpuno, da ne postoji skriveni ugao; to 'sebe' je prošlost, i to sebstvo raste na tom glagolu 'biti', postati, postići, zapamtiti. Pronađite što znači živjeti bez tog glagola psihološki, iznutra.
Što smrt znači? Zašto je se tako strahovito plašimo? Po čitavoj Aziji ljudi vjeruju u reinkaranciju; u njoj postoji velika nada - ne znam zašto - i ljudi nastavljaju pričati i pisati o tome. Kada pogledate tu stvar koja će se inkarnirati, što je ona? - sva prošlost, sva vaša bijeda, sva vaša zbrka, sve ono što ste vi sada? I mislite da je to 'vi' (vi ovdje koristite riječ 'duša') nešto postojano. Ima li išta u životu što je postojano? Vi biste željeli imati nešto postojano i tako pomičete smrt daleko od sebe, nikada ne gledate u nju, jer ste uplašeni. Tada imate 'vremena' - vremena između onoga što jest i onoga što će se neizbježno dogoditi.
Ili projicirate vaš život u sutrašnjicu i nastavljate kakvi ste sada, nadajući se da će nastupiti nekakvo uskrsnuće, inkarnacija, ili umirete svakoga dana. Umrite svakoga dana samome sebi, vašoj bijedi, vašoj patnji; otklonite taj teret svakoga dana da vam um može biti svjež, mlad i nevin. Riječ 'nevinost' znači 'ne moći biti povrijeđen'. Imati um koji ne može biti povrijeđen ne znači da je on izgradio veliki otpor - baš suprotno, takav um umire za sve što je znao, a u čemu je bilo sukoba, užitka i boli. Tek tada um je nevin; što znači da može voljeti. Ne možete voljeti sa sjećanjem. Ljubav nije stvar pamćenja, vremena.
Tako ljubav, smrt i življenje nisu odvojeni već potpuna cjelina, i u njoj je razumnost. Razumnost nije moguća kada postoji mržnja, ljutnja, ljubomora, kada postoji ovisnost koja rađa strah. Gdje je razumnost, život postaje svet; postoji velika radost i možete činiti što hoćete; ono što tada učinite je krijeposno, istinito.
Mi ne znamo sve to - mi znamo samo našu bijedu - i ne znajući, pokušavamo pobjeći. Kada barem ne bismo bježali, već mogli zbiljski promatrati, nikada ne uzmicati čak ni djelić od onoga 'što jest' imenujući to, osuđujući ili sudeći o tome - već mogli naprosto gledati to. Da biste nešto gledali, potrebna je briga - briga znači suosjećanje. život koji je življen tako veličanstveno i potpuno može tada zaći u nešto o čemu ćemo razgovarati sutra, a to je meditacija. Bez polaganja takvog temelja, meditacija je samohipnoza. Postavljanje tog temelja znači da ste razumjeli ovaj izuzetan život, pa imate um u kojemu nema sukoba i vodite život suosjećanja, ljepote i stoga reda. Ne reda nekog plana, već reda koji nastupa kada razumijete što nered jest - a to je vaš život. Vaš život jest u neredu. Nered je proturječje, sukob suprotnosti. Kada shvatite taj nered u vama, tada iz njega proizlazi red - red koji je precizan, matematički, u kojemu nema iskrivljavanja. Sve to zahtijeva jedan meditativan um, um koji je sposoban da gleda u tišini.

Preveo s engleskoga:
Domagoj Orlić

četvrtak, 11. rujna 2008.

The Teachings of the Buddha: The Four Noble Truths


"To refrain from evil, to do good, to purify the heart." In a nutshell, this is the core of Buddhism, which it shares with the perennial philosophy expressed expressed by other religions around the world. The teachings of Buddhism, however, are more detailed than this and rather systematic.


After he attained enlightment, which amounted to achieving a remarkable insight into the human condition, Siddartha was unsure what to do with this tremendous wisdom he had gleaned. At first, he thought of teaching it to others, but then doubted that it could be truly communicated in words, that others would be unable to comprehend what he was getting at. Perhaps this wisdom was for him alone to realize and use. Fortunately for us, however, a sense of duty prevailed and while then as now, in terms of great truth most people metaphorically have too much dust in their eyes to fully see, there are some whose sight is obscured by only a little dust. The Buddha hoped that his teaching might be of benefit to the. So, he set off to teach. The Buddha gave his first lesson at Deer Park, Sarnath (near Varanasi, in India) to a group of wandering ascetics he knew. In it, the Buddha explained the human condition in terms of a framework called the Four Noble Truths. Noble Truth 1: There is suffering. (Or more precisely, unsatisfactoriness.)Noble Truth 2: There is a cause of suffering. That cause is desire and attachment.Noble Truth 3: There is a way to eliminate the suffering, which is to eliminate the cause.Noble Truth 4: The way leading to the elimination of suffering is the eightfold noble path. The first noble truth, that there is unsatisfactoriness, is founded on a fundamental characteristic of being noted by Buddhism, which is that all things are impermanent and changing. Remember the Buddha's pre-enlightenment glimpses of old age, sickness and death in which he first confronted human suffering. Most people would not dispute that human life entails a certain amount of sorrow and loss and that this is in the nature of living. There is suffering and we cannot keep things forever and the same. The Buddha believed that this was the fundamental problem of existence. But, it is not a hopeless situation, for the Buddha, like a good doctor, examined the disease and identified the cause. This, he said, is craving. Thus arose the second noble truth.We are always desiring what we don't have. We want things to remain the same and in our possession, a form of attachment. This is futile, though, because of impermanance. This causes us to suffer.Having identified a cause, there is a possible solution, simply the elimination of the cause. This is the third noble truth. It is very important. Get rid of desire and attachment (or reduce it) and suffering will disappear (or be reduced). That seems quite clear, but the question is how. The Buddha then explained the fourth noble truth as his elegant eight-fold noble path to the elimination of suffering by eliminating the cause of suffering.The Buddha recognized further that craving was rooted in three fundamental types of defilement or imperfection: 1) ignorance, 2) greed and 3) hatred. He designed his noble path to attack and eliminate this three hindrances to happiness.The Eightfold Noble Path1. Right understanding. 2. Right thought.3. Right speech. 4. Right action. 5. Right livelihood. 6. Right effort. 7. Right mindfulness. 8. Right concentration. Everything you need to know about Buddhism to achieve enlightment is here. Elements one and two have to do with wisdom, which combats ignorance. Elements three, four and five are about morality, which combats hatred. The last three elements are about concentration, which combats greed. The path is thus broken into these three parts. The Buddha taught the eight points in different ways depending on the character of his student. For someone overwhelmed by greed, he emphasized concentration, while for someone full of hatred, he would focus on morality. The three sections are to be studied as is appropriate to the student. Right understanding is the foundation of wisdom and the cessation of suffering. If you don't understand or misunderstand, the Buddha's teachings, then you will surely encounter problems. Right thought entails using right understanding in order for your mind to aspire to thoughts which are free of greed, hatred and ignorance. With right thought, you achieve a mind which is largely still and full of loving-kindness.The next three steps underlie all the rest, for without morality, wisdom or concentration are difficult if not impossible. One should be truthful and moderate in speaking and similarly in behavior. The five precepts of Buddhist life refer to 1) not killing (the converse:preserve life) 2) not stealing (the converse:preserve and respect things) 3) not lying (the converse: be truthful) 4) not being sexually indulgent (the converse: be moderate and true in sexual matters) and 5) not consuming intoxicants (the converse:have a healthy diet and care for your body and mind). This says so much. I might addthat one should not harm the universe around you, but be kind to all and everything. A right livelihood is important too, as one's job should not entail violation of the five precepts. Such jobs as butchers, executioners or thieves do not incline one to a moral life. With wisdom and morality in place, it is then time to train the mind. Mental training, also called meditation, is critical to Buddhist practice and sets it apart from western religions. Suffering really originates in our mind as it is our response to situation and circumstance that creates sorrow and pain. So, it is through the mind that we can finally follow the third noble truth. One begins by making the effort to concentrate the mind and this effort is made towards achieving mindfulness. One should be aware at all times of one's thoughts, words and deeds and be cognizant of cause and effect. The Buddha taught that live in a realm of conditioned things called "samsara" (the cycle of suffering) that are fueled by karma which is fueled by ignorance and a lack of mindfulness. When one is mindful, one is more apt to refrain from doing bad and to do good. Concentration means focussing the mind (making it calm and one-pointed) and maintaining that mindfulness at all times in everything you think, say and do. When all eight elements of the path work together, one will truly find a happiness that is strong and enduring. The four noble truths of which it is a part are the foundation of all forms of Buddhism and a philosophy and religion not so difficult to understand or apply. The Buddha taught this lesson in many forms for the next forty-five years until his death. Their truth still rings true.

utorak, 9. rujna 2008.

Krishnamurti Jiddu: Unutrašnja revolucija - 2 dio


Što je ljubav? Mnogo o njoj govorimo - ljubav prema bogu, ljubav prema čovječanstvu, ljubav prema domovini, ljubav prema obitelji - a ipak čudno, s tom ljubavi ide mržnja. Volite svog boga, a mrzite tuđeg boga. Volite svoju naciju, svoju obitelj, ali ste protiv druge obitelji, protiv druge nacije. I sve više i više, u čitavom svijetu, ljubav se povezuje sa seksom. Mi ne osuđujemo, mi ne sudimo, ne vrednujemo; mi naprosto promatramo što se zbiljski događa; a ako znate kako promatrati, to vam daje ogromnu energiju.
Što je ljubav i što je suosjećanje? Riječ 'suosjećanje' znači osjećanje za svakoga, briga za sve - uključujući i životinje koje ubijate da biste ih jeli. Pogledajmo prvo što zbiljski jest - ne što bi trebalo biti - uviđajući što zbiljski jest, u dnevnom životu. Da li znamo što znači voljeti ili samo znamo užitak i želju, koje nazivamo ljubavlju? - naravno da uz užitak, uz želju ide nježnost, briga, osjećajnost i tako dalje. Pa je li ljubav užitak, želja? Očigledno je da za većinu nas jest. Čovjek ovisi o svojoj ženi, voli svoju ženu, a ipak pogleda li ona koga drugog, on se razljuti, postane frustriran, jadan -i konačno tu je brakorazvodni sud. To je ono što nazivate ljubavlju! - a ako vam žena umre, nađete drugu. Toliko je velika ta ovisnost. Čovjek se nikada ne pita zašto ovisi o drugome (govorim o psihološkoj ovisnosti). Zagledate li se u to, vidjet ćete koliko ste usamljeni, dolje u dubini, koliko frustrirani i nesretni. Vi ne znate što uraditi s tom usamljenošću, tim osamljivanjem, koje je oblik samoubojstva. I tako, ne znajući što da učinite, vi ovisite. Ta ovisnost vam pruža veliku udobnost i druženje, ali kada se to druženje malo poremeti, postajete ljubomorni, bijesni.
Da li biste poslali svoju djecu u rat kad biste ih voljeli? Da li biste im dali obrazovanje kakvo sada imaju, obrazujući ih samo tehnološki, da biste im pomogli da dobiju posao, polože nekoliko ispita, a zanemarujući ostatak cjeline ovog čudesnog života? Brižno se brinete za njih negdje do njihove pete godine, a poslije toga ih bacite vukovima. To je ono što nazivate ljubavlju. Ima li ljubavi ako postoji nasilje, mržnja, antagonizam?
Pa što ćete učiniti? Unutar tog nasilja i mržnje nalazi se vaša vrlina i vaša moralnost. Tek kada ih opovrgnete, postajete kreposni. To znači uviđanje svih implikacija onoga što ljubav jest; tada stojite sami i sposobni ste za ljubav. Slušajte ovo, jer to je istina. Ako ju ne živite, istina postaje otrov. Ako čujete nešto istinito i zanemarite to, time uzrokujete još jednu proturječnost u životu i stoga više bijede. Zato ili slušajte svojim srcem i čitavim svojim umom ili uopće nemojte slušati. Ali pošto ste ovdje, vi slušate, nadam se!Ljubav nije suprotnost ničemu. Ona nije suprotnost mržnji ili nasilju. Čak i ako ne ovisite ni o kome i živite vrlo kreposnim životom - bavite se socijalnim radom, demonstrirate gore-dolje po ulici - ako nemate ljubavi to nema nikakve vrijednosti. Ako volite, tada možete činiti što hoćete. Jer čovjek koji voli ne čini greške - ili ako se greška pojavi, on je odmah ispravlja. U čovjeku koji voli nema ljubomore, nema grižnje savjesti; u njemu nema praštanja, jer ni u jednom trenutku se ne javlja nešto što bi trebalo oprostiti. Sve to zahtijeva duboko istraživanje, veliku brigu i pažnju. Ali vi ste uhvaćeni u zamku modernog društva; sami ste stvorili tu zamku, a ako vam netko na to ukaže, vi se ne obazirete. I tako se ratovi i mržnja nastavljaju.

ponedjeljak, 8. rujna 2008.

NOW IS THE KNOWING – AJAHN SUMEDO



Happiness, Unhappiness and Nibbana


The goal of buddhist meditation is Nibbana. We incline towards the peace of Nibbana and away from the complexities of the sensual realm, the endless cycles of habit. Nibbana is a goal that can be realized in this lifetime. We don’t have to wait until we die to know if it’s real.
The senses and the sensual world are the realm of birth and death. Take sight for instance: it’s dependent on so many factors — whether it’s day or night, whether or not the eyes are healthy, and so on. Yet we become very attached to the colours, shapes and forms that we perceive with the eyes, and we identify with them. Then there are the ears and sound: when we hear pleasant sounds we seek to hold onto them, and when we hear unpleasant sounds we try to turn away. With smells: we seek the pleasure of fragrances and pleasant odours, and try to get away from unpleasant ones. Also with flavours: we seek delicious tastes and try to avoid bad ones. And with touch: just how much of our lives is spent trying to escape from physical discomfort and pain, and seeking the delight of physical sensation? Finally there is thought, the discriminative consciousness. It can give us a lot of pleasure or a lot of misery.
These are the senses, the sensual world. It is the compounded world of birth and death. Its very nature is dukkha, it is imperfect and unsatisfying. You’ll never find perfect happiness, contentment or peace in the sensual world; it will always bring despair and death. The sensual world is unsatisfactory, and so we only suffer from it when we expect it to satisfy us.
We suffer from the sensual world when we expect more from it than it can possibly give: things like permanent security and happiness, permanent love and safety, hoping that our life will only be one of pleasure and have no pain in it. ‘If we could only get rid of sickness and disease and conquer old age.’ I remember 20 years ago in the States people had this great hope that modem science would be able to get rid of all illnesses. They’d say, ‘All mental illnesses are due to chemical imbalances. If we can just find the right chemical combinations and inject them into the body, schizophrenia will disappear.’ There would be no more headaches or backaches. We would gradually replace all our internal organs with nice plastic ones. I even read an article in an Australian medical journal about how they hoped to conquer old age! As the world’s population keeps increasing we’d keep having more children and nobody would ever get old and die. Just think what a mess that would be!
The sensual world is unsatisfactory and that’s the way it’s supposed to be. When we attach to it, it takes us to despair — because attachment means that we want it to be satisfactory, we want it to satis-fy us, to make us content, happy and secure. But just notice the nature of happiness how long can you stay happy? What is happiness? You may think it’s how you feel when you get what you want. Someone says something you like to hear, and you feel happy. Someone does something you approve of, and you feel happy. The sun shines and you feel happy. Someone makes nice food and serves it to you, and you’re happy. But how long can you stay happy? Do we always have to depend on the sun shining? In England, the weather is very changeable: the happiness about the sun shining in England is obviously very impermanent and unsatisfactory.
Unhappiness is not getting what we want: wanting it to be sunny when it’s cold, wet and rainy; people doing things that we don’t approve of; having food that isn’t delicious and so on. Life gets boring and tedious when we’re unhappy with it. So happiness and unhappiness are very dependent on getting what we want, and having to get what we don’t want.
But happiness is the goal of most people’s lives; in the American constitution, I think, they speak of ‘the right to the pursuit of happiness’. Get-ting what we want, what we think we deserve, be-comes our goal in life. But happiness always leads to unhappiness, because it’s impermanent. How long can you really be happy? Trying to arrange, control and manipulate conditions so as to always get what we want, always hear what we want to hear, always see what we want to see, so that we never have to experience unhappiness or despair, is a hopeless task. It’s impossible, isn’t it? Happiness is unsatisfactory, it’s dukkha. It’s not something to depend on or make the goal of life. Happiness will always be disappointing because it lasts so briefly and then is succeeded by unhappiness. It is always dependent on so many other things. We feel happy when we’re healthy but our human bodies are subject to rapid changes and we can lose that health very quickly. Then we feel terribly unhappy at being sick, at losing the pleasure of feeling energetic and vigorous.
Thus the goal for the Buddhist is not happiness, because we realize that happiness is unsatisfactory. The goal lies away from the sensual world. It is not rejection of the sensual world, but understanding it so well that we no longer seek it as an end in itself. We no longer expect the sensory world to satisfy us. We no longer demand that sensory consciousness be anything other than an existing condition that we can skilfully use according to time and place. We no longer attach to it, or demand that the sense impingement be always pleasant, or feel despair and sorrow when it’s unpleasant. Nibbana isn’t a state of blankness, a trance where you’re totally wiped out. It’s not nothingness or an annihilation: it’s like a space. It’s going into the space of your mind where you no longer attach, where you’re no longer deluded by the appearance of things. You are no longer demanding anything from the sensory world. You are just recognizing it as it arises and passes away.
Being born in the human condition means that we must inevitably experience old age, sickness and death. One time a young woman came to our mona-stery in England with her baby. The baby had been badly ill for about a week with a horrible racking cough. The mother looked totally depressed and miserable. As she sat there in the reception room holding the baby, it fumed red in the face and start-ed screaming and coughing horribly. The woman said, ‘Oh, Venerable Sumedho, why does he have to suffer like this? He’s never hurt anybody, he’s never done anything wrong. Why? In some previous life, what did he do to have to suffer like this?’
He was suffering because he was born! If he hadn’t been born, he wouldn’t have to suffer. When we’re born we have to expect these things. Having a human body means that we have to experience sickness, pain, old age and death. This is an important reflection. We can speculate that maybe in a previous life he liked to choke cats and dogs or something like that, and he has to pay for it in this life, but that’s mere speculation and it doesn’t really help. What we can know is that it’s the kammic result of being born. Each one of us must inevitably experience sickness and pain, hunger, thirst, the ageing process of our bodies and death it’s the law of kamma. What begins must end, what is born must die, what comes together must separate.
We’re not being pessimistic about the way things are, but we’re observing, so we don’t expect life to be other than it is. Then we can cope with life and endure it when it’s difficult, and delight when it’s delightful. If we understand it, we can enjoy life without being its helpless victims. How much mis-ery there is in human existence because we expect life to be other than what it is! We have these romantic ideas that we’ll meet the right person, fall in love and live happily ever after, that we’ll never fight, have a wonderful relationship. But what about death! ? So you think, ‘Well, maybe we’ll die at the same time.’ That’s hope, isn’t it? There’s hope, and then despair when your loved one dies before you do, or runs away with the dustman or the travelling salesman.
You can learn a lot from small children, because they don’t disguise their feelings, they just express what they feel in the moment; when they’re miserable they start crying, and when they’re happy they laugh. Some time ago I went to a layman’s home. When we arrived, his young daughter was very happy to see him. Then he said to her, ‘I have to take Venerable Sumedho to Sussex University to give a talk.’ As we walked out of the door, the little girl fumed red in the face and began screaming in anguish, so that her father said, ‘It’s all right, I’ll be back in an hour., But she wasn’t developed to that level where she could understand ‘I’ll be back in an hour.’ The immediacy of separation from the loved was immediate anguish.
Notice how often in our life there is that sorrow at having to separate from something we like or someone we love, from having to leave a place we really like to be in. When you are really mindful you can see the not-wanting to separate, the sorrow. As adults, we can let go of it immediately if we know we can come back again, but it’s still there. From last November to March, I travelled around the world, always arriving at airports with somebody meeting me with a ‘Hello!’ — and then a few days later it was ‘Goodbye!’ And there was always this sense of ‘Come back’, and I’d say ‘Yes, I’ll come back’... and so I’ve committed myself to do the same thing next year. We can’t say, ‘Goodbye forever’ to someone we like, can we? We say, ‘I’ll see you again,’ ‘I’ll phone you up,’ ‘I’ll write you a letters or ‘until next time we meet’. We have all these phrases to cover over the sense of sorrow and separation.
In meditation we’re noting, just observing what sorrow really is. We’re not saying that we shouldn’t feel sorrow when we separate from someone we love; it’s natural to feel that way, isn’t it? But now, as meditators, we’re beginning to witness sorrow so that we understand it, rather than trying to suppress it, pretend it’s something more than it is, or just neglect it.
In England people tend to suppress sorrow when somebody dies. They try not to cry or be emotional, they don’t want to make a scene, they ‘keep a stiff upper lip’. Then when they start meditating they can find themselves suddenly crying over the death of someone who died fifteen years before. They didn’t cry at the time, so they end up doing it fifteen years later. When someone dies, we don’t want to admit the sorrow or make a scene because we think that if we cry we’re weak, or it’s embarrassing to others. So we tend to suppress and hold things back, not recognizing the nature of things as they really are, not recognizing our human predicament and learning from it. In meditation we’re allowing the mind to open up and let the things that have been suppressed and repressed become conscious, because when things become conscious they have a way of ceasing rather than just being repressed again. We allow things to take their course to cessation, we allow things to go away rather than just push them away.
Usually we just push certain things away from us, refusing to accept or recognize them. Whenever we feel upset or annoyed with anyone, when we’re bored, or when unpleasant feelings arise, we look at the beautiful flowers or the sky, read a book, watch TV, do something. We’re never fully consciously bored, fully angry. We don’t recognize our despair or disappointment, because we can always run off into something else. We can always go to the refrigerator, eat cakes and sweets, listen to the stereo. It’s so easy to absorb into music, away from boredom and despair into something that’s exciting or interesting or calming or beautiful.
Look at how dependent we are on watching TV and reading. There are so many books now that they’ll all have to be burnt — useless books everywhere, everybody’s writing things without having anything worth saying. Today’s not-so-pleasant film stars write their biographies and make a lot of money. Then there are the gossip columns: people get away from the boredom of their own existence, their discontent with it, the tediousness, by reading gossip about movie stars and public figures.
We’ve never really accepted boredom as a conscious state. As soon as it comes into the mind we start looking for something interesting, some-thing pleasant. But in meditation we’re allowing boredom to be. We’re allowing ourselves to be fully consciously bored, fully depressed, fed up, jealous, angry, disgusted. All the nasty unpleasant experiences of life that we have repressed out of consciousness and never really looked at, never really accepted, we begin to accept into conscious-ness — not as personality problems any more, but just out of compassion. Out of kindness and wisdom we allow things to take their natural course to cessation, rather that just keep them going round in the same old cycles of habit. If we have no way of letting things take their natural course, then we’re always controlling, always caught in some dreary habit of mind. When we’re jaded and depressed we’re unable to appreciate the beauty of things, because we never really see them as they truly are.
I remember one experience I had in my first year of meditation in Thailand. I spent most of that year by myself in a little hut, and the first few months were really terrible all kinds of things kept coming up in my mind — obsessions and fears and terror and hatred. I’d never felt so much hatred. I’d never thought of myself as one who hated people, but during those first few months of meditation it seemed like I hated everybody. I couldn’t think of anything nice about anyone, there was so much aversion coming up into consciousness. Then one afternoon I started having this strange vision — I thought I was going crazy, actually — I saw people walking off my brain. I saw my mother just walk out of my brain and into emptiness, disappear into space. Then my father and my sister followed. I actually saw these visions walking out of my head. I thought, ‘I’m crazy! I’ve gone off!’ — but it wasn’t an unpleasant experience.
The next morning when I woke from sleep and looked around, I felt that everything I saw was beautiful. Everything, even the most unbeautiful detail, was beautiful. I was in a state of awe. The hut itself was a crude structure, not beautiful by anyone’s standards, but it looked to me like a palace. The scrubby looking trees outside looked like a most beautiful forest. Sunbeams were streaming through the window onto a plastic dish, and the plastic dish looked beautiful! That sense of beauty stayed with me for about a week, and then reflecting on it I suddenly realized that that’s the way things really are when the mind is clear. Up to that time I’d been looking through a dirty window, and over the years I’d become so used to the scum and dirt on the window that I didn’t realize it was dirty, I’d thought that that’s the way it was.
When we get used to looking through a dirty window everything seems grey, grimy and ugly. Meditation is a way of cleaning the window, purifying the mind, allowing things to come up into consciousness and letting them go. Then with the wisdom faculty, the Buddha-wisdom, we observe how things really are. It’s not just attaching to beauty, to purity of mind, but actually understand-ing. It is wisely reflecting on the way nature operates, so that we are no longer deluded by it into creating habits for our life through ignorance.
Birth means old age, sickness and death, but that’s to do with your body, it’s not you. Your human body is not really yours. No matter what your particular appearance might be, whether you are healthy or sickly, whether you are beautiful or not beautiful, whether you are black or white or whatever, it’s all non-self. This is what we mean by anatta, that human bodies belong to nature, that they follow the laws of nature: they are born, they grow up, they get old and they die.
Now we may understand that rationally, but emotionally there is a very strong attachment to the body. In meditation we begin to see this attach-ment. We don’t take the position that we shouldn’t be attached, saying: ‘The problem with me is that I’m attached to my body. I shouldn’t be. It’s bad, isn’t it? If I was a wise person I wouldn’t be attached to it.’ That’s starting from an ideal again. It’s like trying to start climbing a tree from the top saying, ‘I should be at the top of the tree. I shouldn’t be down here.’ But as much as we’d like to think that we’re at the top, we have to humbly accept that we aren’t. To begin with, we have to be at the trunk of the tree, where the roots are, looking at the most coarse and ordinary things before we can start identifying with anything at the top of the tree.
This is the way of wise reflection. It’s not just purifying the mind and then attaching to purity. It’s not just trying to refine consciousness so that we can induce high states of concentration whenever we feel like it, because even the most refined states of sensory consciousness are unsatisfactory, they’re dependent on so many other things. Nibbana is not dependent on any other condition. Conditions of any quality, be they ugly, nasty, beautiful, refined or whatever, arise and pass away — but they don’t interfere with Nibbana, with the peace of the mind.
We are not inclining away from the sensory world through aversion, because if we try to anni-hilate the senses then that too becomes a habit that we blindly acquire, trying to get rid of that which we don’t like. That’s why we have to be very patient.
This lifetime as a human being is a lifetime of meditation. See the rest of your life as the span of meditation rather than this ten-day retreat. You may think: ‘I meditated for ten days. I thought I was enlightened but somehow when I got home I didn’t feel enlightened any more. I’d like to go back and do a longer retreat where I can feel more enlightened than I did last time. It would be nice to have a higher state of consciousness.’ In fact, the more refined you go the more coarse your daily life must seem. You get high, and then when you get back to the mundane daily routines of life in the city, it’s even worse than before, isn’t it? Having gone so high, the ordinariness of life seems much more ordinary, gross and unpleasant. The way to insight wisdom is not making preferences for refinement over coarseness, but recognizing that both refined and coarse consciousness are impermanent conditions, that they’re unsatisfactory, their nature will never satisfy us, and they’re anatta, they’re not what we are, they’re not ours.
Thus the Buddha’s teaching is a very simple one. What could be more simple than ‘what is born must die’? It’s not some great new philosophical discovery, even illiterate tribal people know that. You don’t have to study in university to know it.
When we’re young we think: ‘I’ve got so many years left of youth and happiness.’ If we’re beautiful we think, ‘I’m going to be young and beautiful for-ever,’ because it seems that way. If we’re twenty years old, having a good time, life is wonderful and somebody says, ‘You are going to die some day’, we may think, ‘What a depressing person. Let’s not invite him again to our house.’ We don’t want to think about death, we want to think about how wonderful life is, how much pleasure we can get out of it.
So as meditators we reflect on getting old and dying. This is not being morbid or sick or depressing, but it’s considering the whole cycle of existence; and when we know that cycle, then we are more careful about how we live. People do horrible things because they don’t reflect on their deaths. They don’t wisely reflect and consider, they just follow their passions and feelings of the moment, trying to get pleasure and then feeling angry and depressed when life doesn’t give them what they want.
Reflect on your own life and death and the cycles of nature. Just observe what delights and what depresses. See how we can feel very positive or very negative. Notice how we want to attach to beauty or to pleasant feelings or to inspiration. It’s really nice to feel inspired, isn’t it? ‘Buddhism is the greatest religion of them all’ or ‘When I discovered the Buddha I was so happy, it’s a wonderful discovery!’ When we get a little bit doubtful, a little bit depressed, we go and read an inspiring book and get high. But remember, getting high is an impermanent condition, it’s like getting happy, you have to keep doing it, sustaining it and after you keep doing something over and over again you no longer feel happy with it. How many sweets can you eat? At first they make you happy — and then they make you sick.
So depending on religious inspiration is not enough. If you attach to inspiration, then when you get fed up with Buddhism you’ll go off and find some new thing to inspire you. It’s like attaching to romance, when it disappears from the relationship you start looking for someone else to feel romantic towards. Years ago in America I met a woman who’d been married six times, and she was only about thirty-three. I said, ‘You’d think you would have learned after the third or fourth time. Why do you keep getting married?’ She said, ‘It’s the romance. I don’t like the other side but I love the romance.’ At least she was honest, but not terribly wise. Romance is a condition that leads to disillusionment.
Romance, inspiration, excitement, adventure, all these things rise to a peak and then condition their opposites, just as an inhalation conditions an exhalation. Just think of inhaling all the time. It’s like having one romance after another, isn’t it? How long can you inhale? The inhalation conditions the exhalation, both are necessary. Birth conditions death, hope conditions despair and inspiration conditions disillusionment. So when we attach to hope we’re going to feel despair. When we attach to excitement it’s going to take us to boredom. When we attach to romance it will take us to disillusion-ment and divorce. When we attach to life it takes us to death. So recognize that it’s the attachment that causes the suffering, attaching to conditions and expecting them to be more than what they are.
So much of life for so many people seems to be waiting and hoping for something to happen, expecting and anticipating some success or pleasure — or maybe worrying and fearing that some painful, unpleasant thing is just lying in wait. You may hope that you will meet somebody who you’ll really love or have some great experience, but attaching to hope takes you to despair.
By wise reflection we begin to understand the things that create misery in our lives. We see that actually we are the creators of that misery. Through our ignorance, through our not having wisely understood the sensory world and its limitations, we have identified with all that is unsatisfactory and impermanent, the things that can only take us to despair and death. No wonder life is so depressing! It’s dreary because of the attachment, because we identify and seek ourselves in all that is by nature dukkha: unsatisfactory and imperfect.
Now when we stop doing that, when we let go, that is enlightenment. We are enlightened beings, no longer attached, no longer identified with anything, no longer deluded by the sensory world. We understand the sensory world, we know how to co-exist with it. We know how to use the sensory world for compassionate action, for joyous giving. We don’t demand that it be here to satisfy us any more, to make us feel secure and safe or to give us anything, because as soon as we demand it to satisfy us it takes us to despair.
When we no longer identify with the sensory world as ‘me’ or ‘mine’, and see it as anatta, then we can enjoy the senses without seeking sense-impingement or depending on it. We no longer expect conditions to be anything other than what they are, so that when they change we can patiently and peacefully endure the unpleasant side of exist-ence. We can humbly endure sickness, pain, cold, hunger, failures and criticisms. If we’re not attached to the world we can adapt to change, whatever that change may be, whether it’s for the better or for the worse. If we’re still attached then we can’t adapt very well, we’re always struggling, resisting, trying to control and manipulate everything, and then feeling frustrated, frightened or depressed at what a delusive, frightening place the world is.
If you’ve never really contemplated the world, never taken the time to understand and know it, then it becomes a frightening place for you. It becomes like a jungle: you don’t know what’s around the next tree, bush or cliff — a wild animal, a ferocious man-eating tiger, a terrible dragon or a poisonous snake.
Nibbana means getting away from the jungle. When we’re inclining towards Nibbana we’re moving towards the peace of the mind. Although the conditions of the mind may not be peaceful at all, the mind itself is a peaceful place. Here we are making a distinction between the mind and the conditions of mind. The conditions of mind can be happy, miserable, elated, depressed, loving or hating, worrying or fear-ridden, doubting or bored. They come and go in the mind, but the mind itself, like the space in this room, stays just at it is. The space in this room has no quality to elate or depress, does it? It is just at it is. To concentrate on the space in the room we have to withdraw our attention from the things in the room. If we concentrate on the things in the room we become happy or unhappy. We say, ‘Look at that beautiful Buddha image,’ or if we see something we find ugly we say, ‘Oh, what a terrible disgusting thing.’ We can spend our time looking at the people in the room, thinking whether we like this person or dislike that person.
We can form opinions about people being this way or that way, remember what they did in the past, speculate about what they will do in the future, seeing others as possible sources of pain or gratification to ourselves.
However, if we withdraw our attention it doesn’t mean that we have to push everyone else out of the room. If we don’t concentrate on or absorb into any of the conditions, then we have a perspective, because the space in the room has no quality to depress or elate. The space can contain us all, all conditions can come and go within it.
Moving inwards, we can apply this to the mind. The mind is like space, there’s room in it for everything or nothing. It doesn’t really matter whether it is filled or has nothing in it, because we always have a perspective once we know the space of the mind, its emptiness. Armies can come into the mind and leave, butterflies, rainclouds or nothing. All things can come and go through, without us being caught in blind reaction, struggling resistance, control and manipulation.
So when we abide in the emptiness of our minds we’re moving away — we’re not getting rid of things, but no longer absorbing into conditions that exist in the present or creating any new ones. This is our practice of letting go. We let go of our identification with conditions by seeing that they are all impermanent and not-self. It is what we mean by vipassana meditation. It’s really looking at, witnessing, listening, observing that whatever comes must go. Whether it’s coarse or refined, good or bad, whatever comes and goes is not what we are. We’re not good, we’re not bad, we’re not male or female, beautiful or ugly. These are changing conditions in nature, which are not-self. This is the Buddhist way to enlightenment: going towards Nibbana, inclining towards the spaciousness or emptiness of mind rather than being born and caught up in the conditions.
Now you may ask, ‘Well if I’m not the conditions of mind, if I’m not a man or a woman, this or that, then what am I?, Do you want me to tell you who you are? Would you believe me if I did? What would you think if I ran out and started asking you who I am? It’s like trying to see your own eyes: you can’t know yourself, because you are yourself. You can only know what is not yourself — and so that solves the problem, doesn’t it? If you know what is not yourself, then there is no question about what you are. If I said, ‘Who am I? I’m trying to find myself,’ and I started looking under the shrine, under the carpet, under the curtain, you’d think, ‘Venerable Sumedho has really flipped out, he’s gone crazy, he’s looking for himself.’ ‘I’m looking for me, where am I?’ is the most stupid question in the world. The problem is not who we are but our belief and identification with what we are not. That’s where the suffering is, that’s where we feel misery and depression and despair. It’s our identity with everything that is not ourselves that is dukkha. When you identify with that which is unsatisfactory, you’re going to be dissatisfied and discontented — it’s obvious, isn’t it?
So the path of the Buddhist is a letting go, rath-er than trying to find anything. The problem is the blind attachment, the blind identification with the appearance of the sensory world. You needn’t get rid of the sensory world but learn from it, watch it, no longer allow yourselves to be deluded by it. Keep penetrating it with Buddha-wisdom, keep using this Buddha-wisdom so that you become more at ease with being wise, rather that making yourself become wise. Just by listening, observing, being awake, being aware, the wisdom will become clear. You’ll be using wisdom in regard to your body, in regard to your thoughts, feelings, memories, emotion, all of these things. You’ll see and witness, allowing them to pass by and let them go.
So at this time you have nothing else to do except be wise from one moment to the next.